Understanding GERD and Acid Reflux
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive disorder where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation. Occasional acid reflux is common, but if it occurs more than twice a week, it may indicate GERD. If left untreated, GERD can lead to complications like esophagitis, ulcers, and even Barrett’s esophagus, increasing the risk of esophageal cancer.
Causes of GERD and Acid Reflux
Several factors contribute to GERD and acid reflux symptoms, including:
- Weak Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES): The LES acts as a valve between the stomach and esophagus. A weak or relaxed LES allows acid to flow back up.
- Obesity: Excess weight increases abdominal pressure, pushing stomach acid into the esophagus.
- Dietary Choices: Spicy foods, citrus fruits, caffeine, alcohol, fatty foods, and carbonated drinks can trigger reflux.
- Smoking and Alcohol Consumption: These weaken the LES and increase acid production.
- Hiatal Hernia: A condition where the stomach pushes through the diaphragm, worsening acid reflux symptoms.
- Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and increased abdominal pressure contribute to GERD.
- Certain Medications: Pain relievers (NSAIDs), calcium channel blockers, and some asthma medications can trigger reflux.
Common Symptoms of GERD
- Heartburn: A burning sensation in the chest, especially after eating or at night.
- Regurgitation: Sour or bitter-tasting acid backing up into the throat or mouth.
- Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia): A sensation of food getting stuck in the throat.
- Chronic Cough or Sore Throat: Irritation from acid reflux can lead to persistent coughing.
- Hoarseness and Voice Changes: Acid exposure can damage the vocal cords.
- Bad Breath (Halitosis): Stomach acid and undigested food particles contribute to foul-smelling breath.
Treatment Options for GERD
- Lifestyle and Dietary Changes
- Eat Smaller Meals: Large meals increase stomach pressure and worsen reflux.
- Avoid Trigger Foods: Limit spicy, acidic, and fatty foods that trigger symptoms.
- Maintain a Healthy Weight: Losing excess weight can significantly reduce GERD symptoms.
- Elevate Your Head While Sleeping: Keeping the head elevated prevents acid from flowing back into the esophagus.
- Quit Smoking and Reduce Alcohol Intake: These habits weaken the LES and should be avoided.
- Avoid Lying Down Immediately After Eating: Wait at least 2-3 hours before lying down after meals.
- Medications for GERD
If lifestyle changes are not enough, doctors may prescribe medications, including:
- Antacids: Neutralize stomach acid (e.g., Tums, Rolaids, Gaviscon).
- H2 Receptor Blockers: Reduce acid production (e.g., Ranitidine, Famotidine).
- Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): More potent acid reducers (e.g., Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Esomeprazole).
- Prokinetics: Help the stomach empty faster and strengthen the LES (e.g., Metoclopramide).
When is Surgery Required?
For severe cases where medication is ineffective, surgical options like fundoplication (tightening the LES) or LINX procedure (magnetic device implantation) may be considered.
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience frequent heartburn, difficulty swallowing, or persistent chest pain, consult a gastroenterologist. Dr. Suryaprakash Bhandari at Gastrocare Clinic, Mulund, specializes in GERD treatment, endoscopic evaluations, and advanced digestive care.
Conclusion
GERD is a manageable condition with the right lifestyle changes, medications, and expert medical care. Ignoring acid reflux can lead to serious complications, so early intervention is crucial. If you’re struggling with chronic acid reflux, schedule a consultation with Dr. Suryaprakash Bhandari for a personalized treatment plan.
